Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Dönemi Mimarlarından Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu ve Mimarlık Faaliyetleri

Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu (1893-1982) is one of the second-generation architects of the first National

Architecture period. He has been one of the most important practitioners of this architectural period,

where he has set the rules of Mimar Kemalettin and Vedat Tek and gave the first works. Starting to

design their structures during the first National Architecture period, which was active in 1920,

Koyunoğlu adapted to the changing architecture by designing structures in the Modern Architecture

style, which was active in 1930. The purpose of the study is to look at all of the architectural activities

as a whole by analyzing all of the structures that Koyunoğlu has built in two architectural ways over his

long life in chronological order.

Koyunoğlu is an architect who has been in different cities in his 89-year life and designed many

structures for both government and private people. The architectural activities that are subject to ourwork have been selected and discussed in different directions by many researchers, but not a study where

detailed results are found by researching all their structures.

The most comprehensive research on Koyunoğlu is published by Hasan Kuruyazıcı (2008), the book

titled “Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Bir Mimar Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu Anılar, Yazılar, Mektuplar,

Belgeler”. However, the memories of Koyunoğlu’s own pen were directly transferred and not discussed

in detail the architectural activities. Another source prepared for Koyunoğlu is Nurcan İnci Fırat’s (1998)

book “Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarisinden İki örnek Etnografya Müzesi ve Eski Türk Ocağı Merkez

Binası”. The two large-scale structures mentioned in the book's name are not covered in detail and are

not covered in other structures. Another source of the architecture activities of Koyunoğlu is Nilgün

Çuha’s (1989) “A Restitutive Approach to the Architect A. H. Koyunoğlu’s Public Building in Ankara”.

The study was carried out by selecting only public structures in Ankara belonging to the architect.

Following our research, Koyunoğlu’s life has been examined in detail through the existing resources

and architecture activities in the cities in which he lives have been determined by his own memories.

Deep research has been conducted on his existing architectural activities, compiled from sources that

are either detailed or superficial. The study covers structures that are present today as it is more likely

to be examined and investigated on site. These structures are evaluated by the methods of photographing

the plans and drawings from existing documents that can be accessed and then viewed on site.

As a result of the research, it was observed that Koyunoğlu was present in Ankara and was most active

between 1920-1930 and was able to design structures in the First National Architecture style as a result

of the training he received in the letter of Sanayi-i Nefise and the widespread nationalism at that time.

Koyunoğlu also carried out contractors in the office he opened in the first years of his visit to Ankara

under the name "Türk İnşaat Evi". He then continued to design small-sized civilian structures for

important political people, designing large-sized official structures for architectural activities that he

started. The structures he designs in Ankara are in the first National Architecture style.

The civilian structures he built in Ankara and present today are Mithat Alam Köşkü, Celal Bayar Köşkü,

Erzurumlu Nafiz Bey Apartman. Erzurumlu Nafiz Bey Apartman of is an exceptional structure built in

Ankara but designed in the Modern Architecture style. The official and large-scale structures in Ankara

are the Etnografya Museum (1925-1926), Eski Adliye Sarayı (1925-1926), Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu

(1925-1927), Hariciye Vekaleti (1926-1927), Eski Türk Ocağı Merkez Binası (1927-1930). Koyunoğlu

built the Hacı Bektaş-i Veli Tekkesi Misafirhanesi (1923) in different cities and the Eskisehir Bazaar

Mosque (1925-1929), the only religious structure. Koyunoğlu went to Bursa in 1930 after Ankara and

started designing works in the Modern Architecture style. He has designed works in this way in the

remainder of his life as the second period of architectural activities began. After 1930, Koyunoğlu

changed his architectural style by designing the Erzurumlu Nafiz Bey Apartman and Bursa Tayyare

Cinema (1930-1932) in the Modern Architecture style in Ankara, an exceptional structure. After Bursa,

he returned to Istanbul permanently in 1932 and began in designing civilian structures. Civilian

structures which can be identified in Istanbul: Bize Göre Apartman (1937) and Recep Peker Mansion.

The study focused on the fact that Koyunoğlu, who was determined to build buildings in two

architectural periods - the First National Architecture period and Modern Architecture- was involved in

architecture activities in two periods, unlike his contemporary ones, and the conditions that prepared

this situation were questioned and how well he adapted to these architectural ways, whether they had

specific design features in their structure, the current architectural activities were discussed in detail by

asking questions about how architectural design features were changed during the two periods

mentioned.