Investigation of the Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities of Some Moss Species (Scleropodium touretii (Brid.) L.F.Koch, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. var. lacunosum Brid., Brachythecium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp.)


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UYAR G., KOÇAŞ S., ASLAN N., VURAL G., BALABAN ZOR M.

Anatolian Bryology, vol.11, no.1, pp.72-82, 2025 (TRDizin)

Abstract

This study evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal activities in ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform, hexane,

ethyl acetate and isopropanol extracts of moss species; Scleropodium touretii (Brid.) L.F.Koch, Hypnum

cupressiforme Hedw. var. lacunosum Brid. and Brachythecium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp., which was

collected from the Zonguldak province of Turkey against 10 different microorganisms, including 4 gram-positive

bacteria, 4 gram-negative bacteria and 2 yeast fungi species. Different fractions of the mosses were screened using

the disc diffusion (qualitative), the agar-well diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

methods. Inhibition of bacterial growth was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, eritromicin, penicillin and also, for

fungal growth flukanozol-B as positive control and solvents and distilled water as negative control. The tests were

performed in triplicate for each microorganism evaluated. The final results were presented as the arithmetic averages.

The results showed that the most effective solvents were methanol and acetone, while hexane had the lowest

antimicrobial activity. When evaluated in terms of microorganisms; Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli,

Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis showed the highest sensitivity to moss extracts. However, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa and Candida albicans strains were found to be resistant to these extracts. In addition, among the moss

species, H. cupressiforme var. lacunosum was determined to be the most effective species in terms of the number of

affected microorganisms. These findings indicate the potential of mosses for the development of antimicrobial and

antifungal agents. This study provides a basis for the investigation of alternative therapeutic agents that can be

obtained from natural plant sources and paves the way for further studies in this field.

Keywords: Moss, Disk diffusion test, Agar well diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test.